Abstract: Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber laminates have significant application value in the field of ballistic protection due to their excellent energy absorption performance and lightweight characteristics. However, in real battlefield environments, they are often subjected to multi-site ballistic impacts from multiple projectiles or explosive fragments, and the evolution mechanism of their penetration resistance remains unclear. This study employed 7.62 mm cylindrical fragment-simulating projectiles to conduct single-site and multi-site impact experiments on cross-ply UHMWPE laminates using a light gas gun system. The residual velocity, energy absorption, and dynamic deformation were quantitatively characterized through high-speed photography and failure morphology analysis. A decoupling analysis method was proposed to investigate the influence mechanisms of prior impacts on subsequent impacts by studying the single-site impact responses under three typical pre-damage states: pre-inclination, pre-delamination, and pre-perforation. The findings revealed an enhancement trend in the energy absorption characteristics of laminates under multiple impacts: at an impact velocity of 500 m/s, the energy absorption rate of the third impact increased by 20.4% compared to the first impact. However, this enhancement effect diminished when the impact velocity was increased to 560 m/s. Additionally, within the velocity range of 400 m/s to 600 m/s, the influence of the inclination effect on penetration resistance is velocity-dependent, delamination interfaces can enhance energy absorption capacity, and the perforation effect significantly reduces penetration resistance only when the impact spacing decreased to 10 mm. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design of UHMWPE laminates under multiple-impact conditions and holds significant importance for improving practical protective performance.