Abstract: Lithium metal anode regarded as an ideal anode material for the the next-generation high-energy-density secondary batteries because of its high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA h g⁻¹) and the lowest electrochemical potential (−3.040 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)). However, the high activity, dendrite growth and volume effect of Li metal triggered the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film fragmentation, poor cycling performance and low coulombic efficiency, thus limiting the practical application of Li metal anode. This review summarizes the challenges faced by lithium metal anodes, such as volume expansion, interfacial instability, and dendrite growth. It also concludes the protection strategies for stabilizing lithium metal anodes from multiple perspectives, including the structural design of lithium anodes, the regulation of lithium metal interfaces, and the synergistic effect of multiple strategies.These methods can effectively alleviate the volume effect, regulate the deposition of Li, avoid the occurrence of interfacial side reactions and inhibit the growth of dendrites, which can significantly improve the cycling performance of lithium-metal cells, and provide a direction for prompting the large-scale application of Li metal anode in high-energy density batteries.