Abstract: As a crucial component of energy storage devices, electrode materials significantly influence their performance. Developing advanced electrode materials with cost-effective and eco-friendly characteristics has always been a research hotspot and a frontier area in the field of energy storage. Wood, as a low-cost and valuable research material, has great significance in energy-constrained societies. In this paper, the methods for regulating the pore size and active sites of wood materials are systematically reviewed, and the latest research progress of wood-based composite carbon materials in zinc batteries, lithium batteries, supercapacitors, and other energy storage devices is summarized, the problems encountered in the actual production process of wood-based composite carbon materials are pointed out, and the functional transformation and high-value utilization of wood-based composite carbon materials were foreseen.