Abstract: With the increasing demand for smart textiles and wearable devices, electroluminescent fibers have exhibited significant potential in display technologies, wearable electronics, and intelligent textile applications. Although traditional luminescent materials and technologies have achieved notable progress, challenges in luminescent efficiency, color performance, and mechanical properties persist. This paper systematically investigates strategies to enhance the electroluminescent efficiency of these fibers from diverse perspectives, including the selection of electrode materials and architectures, optimization of the emissive layer, design of dielectric layers, and methodologies to reduce driving voltage. Through comprehensive analysis of these critical components, this study aims to provide actionable theoretical guidance for the development of high-performance electroluminescent fibers in future research.