Abstract: With the continuous development of informationization and intelligence, the electromagnetic wave radiation released by electronic equipment is getting more and more aggravated; wave-absorbing materials are widely used in the fields of stealth technology, radar system, and medical protection due to their ability to convert them into other forms of energy for loss. The research on electromagnetic wave absorbing materials mainly focuses on the adjustment of material components, material structure design and optimization of wave absorbing performance. This paper combines domestic and foreign research on the current situation of wave-absorbing materials, materials for classification and generalization, mainly including magnetic metallic wave-absorbing materials, carbon-based wave-absorbing materials, ceramic-based wave-absorbing materials, composite wave-absorbing materials and structural wave-absorbing materials. By looking forward to the wave-absorbing mechanism and material properties, it provides theoretical basis for the development and innovation of wave-absorbing materials.