Abstract: This paper was based on centrally compressed curved beams to design a novel double-layer curved beam negative stiffness structure using bimaterials. An approximate analytical solution for the force-displacement relationship of the structure was derived, and its correctness was verified. Based on the proposed bimaterial double-layer curved beam negative stiffness structure, the characteristics of the force-displacement curve during compression were discussed. The deformation mechanisms and mechanical response characteristics of structures with uniform multi-layer arrangements and graded multi-layer arrangements under quasi-static compressive loading were discussed. The results indicate that, compared to the single-material double-layer structure, the bimaterial double-layer curved beam negative stiffness structure has a lower peak force and exhibits improved energy absorption efficiency per unit volume. Constraining the lateral displacement of the structure significantly affects its mechanical properties, leading to a substantial increase in the threshold force and resulting in better energy absorption characteristics. For uniformly arranged multi-layer bimaterial double-layer curved beam negative stiffness structures, buckling deformation occurs sequentially between layers during deformation, with the buckling sequence of the unit cell layers being stochastic. In contrast, graded multi-layer structures can deform in a controlled sequential manner.