CFRP/铝合金夹芯控制臂结构-材料一体化设计

Structure-material design of CFRP/Al alloy sandwich control arm

  • 摘要: 对某钢制悬架控制臂进行轻量化设计,提出一种碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)与铝合金结合的夹芯控制臂,对其进行结构-材料一体化设计以挖掘其轻量化潜能。首先基于复合材料多尺度理论,对CFRP进行微观、细观与宏观跨尺度分析,再对CFRP样件进行力学性能试验,验证了多尺度分析准确性。设计包含CFRP面板和铝合金芯层的夹芯控制臂,通过拓扑优化确定铝合金芯层的结构分布。在此基础上,基于近似模型技术和多目标遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ),选取CFRP多尺度参数以及铝合金夹芯层尺寸参数为设计变量,综合考虑结构振动特性、强度和刚度的影响,以控制臂质量最小、纵向刚度最大为目标进行跨尺度多目标优化,通过熵权TOPSIS法,挖掘多目标优化Pareto候选解集中最优解。结果表明:相比于钢制控制臂,优化后控制臂质量降低46.6%,其他性能均有显著提升,为控制臂结构-材料一体化设计提供参考。

     

    Abstract: The lightweight design of a steel suspension control arm was carried out. A sandwich control arm combined with carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) and aluminum alloy was proposed. The structure-material integration design was carried out to tap its lightweight potential. Firstly, based on the multi-scale theory of composite materials, the micro, meso and macro cross-scale analysis of CFRP was carried out, and then the mechanical properties of CFRP samples were tested to verify the accuracy of multi-scale analysis. The sandwich control arm including CFRP panel and aluminum alloy core layer was designed, and the structure of aluminum alloy core layer was determined by topology optimization. On this basis, based on the method of approximate model and multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), the multi-scale parameters of CFRP and the size parameters of aluminum alloy sandwich layer were selected as design variables. Considering the influence of structural vibration characteristics, strength and stiffness, the cross-scale multi-objective optimization was carried out with the goal of minimizing the mass of the control arm and maximizing the longitudinal stiffness. The entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to mine the optimal solution in the Pareto frontier solution set of multi-objective optimization. The results showed: compared with the steel control arm, the mass of the optimized control arm is reduced by 46.6 %, and other properties are significantly improved, which provides a reference for the structural-material integrated design of the control arm.

     

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