Abstract: The waves in the marine environment lead to variations in physical conditions, climate shifts, complexity in chemical composition, and various external factors such as biology. In marine engineering, the service environment for concrete is even more challenging. In marine anti-corrosion efforts, epoxy resin (EP) materials stand out due to their resistance to chloride ion corrosion in marine environments and cost-effectiveness. These materials are extensively utilized in marine concrete, particularly for structural protection. Currently, the research on modifying marine epoxy coatings is constantly evolving and deepening. However, given the complex interplay of multiple factors in the marine environment where marine concrete operates, a comprehensive protection system still requires systematic research. Based on this, we analyze and discuss the modification design and protection mechanism regulation of marine concrete epoxy coatings from four perspectives: Research background and significance, failure modes and mechanisms, multi-dimensional additive modifications, and protective mechanisms. We review the advancements in multi-scale structural design and protective mechanisms for marine concrete epoxy coatings. Additionally, we summarize the current research status and prospects of marine concrete epoxy coatings across four dimensions: Environment, structure, process, and mechanism. This overview provides valuable guidance for future research on ultra-long-life protection, biomimetic design, and the underlying mechanisms of marine concrete epoxy coatings.