硼盐主导的双盐协同醚基电解液在高压钠离子电池中的应用

Application of boron-salt-dominated dual-salt synergistic ether-based electrolyte in high voltage sodium ion batteries

  • 摘要: 钠离子电池(SIBs)因其低成本、高安全性及优异的倍率性能,被视为未来大规模储能领域的重要发展方向。然而,目前SIBs的能量密度较低,这一直制约着其商用化进程。醚基溶剂具有较高的还原稳定性和优良的负极兼容性,但其抗氧化性能较差。因此,基于醚基溶剂的SIBs难以通过提高截止电压来提升能量密度。本文提出利用二氟草酸硼酸钠(NaDFOB)与双氟磺酰亚胺钠(NaFSI)协同构筑耐高压界面层的策略,制备一种硼盐主导的耐高压醚类电解液。该电解液有效改善了高电压条件下醚类溶剂与正极不兼容的问题。在电池循环过程中,DFOB优先在正极表面分解,并与FSI的分解产物协同构筑一种以硼硫化合物为主的富氟化钠电解质界面层(CEI),能够有效抑制电解液与正极颗粒之间的副反应,实现高截止电压下醚基电解液SIBs的稳定循环。基于此醚基电解液组装的NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2//硬碳负极(HC)全电池,在4.0 V截止电压下循环800圈后,容量保持率达到84%;在4.2 V截止电压下循环370圈,容量保持率为80%;即使在4.5 V超高截止电压下循环180圈后,仍保有80%的容量保持率。

     

    Abstract: Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as a significant development direction in the field of large-scale energy storage in the future due to their low cost, high safety, and excellent rate performance. Nevertheless, the current low energy density of SIBs has consistently restricted their commercialization process. Ether-based solvents possess high reduction stability and excellent compatibility with the negative electrode. However, their oxidation resistance is relatively poor. Consequently, it is difficult for SIBs based on ether-based solvents to enhance the energy density by raising the cut-off voltage. In this study, a strategy of jointly constructing a high-voltage-resistant interface layer with sodium difluoro(oxalato)borate (NaDFOB) and sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) is proposed to prepare a borate salt-dominated high-voltage-resistant ether-based electrolyte. This electrolyte effectively ameliorates the incompatibility issue between the ether-based solvent and the positive electrode under high voltage conditions. During the battery cycling process, DFOB preferentially decomposes on the surface of the positive electrode and collaborates with the decomposition products of FSI to construct a fluorine-rich cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) mainly composed of boron sulfides, which can effectively inhibit the side reactions between the electrolyte and the positive electrode particles, enabling stable cycling of SIBs with ether-based electrolytes at high cut-off voltages. The assembled NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2//hard carbon (HC) full cell based on this ether-based electrolyte exhibits a capacity retention rate of 83.3% after 800 cycles at a cut-off voltage of 4.0 V, 80% after 370 cycles at a cut-off voltage of 4.2 V, and even retains a capacity retention rate of 80% after 180 cycles at an ultra-high cut-off voltage of 4.5 V.

     

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