Abstract: Polyarylate fibers and their composites occupy an important position in aerospace and other military manufacturing related fields due to their unique performance advantages. At present, the main deficiency of polyarylate fibers in composites application is that the surface activity is too low to form a good interfacial bond with the resin matrix, which needs to be improved by surface treatment. This paper takes the research progress of polyarylate fiber as an entry point, introduces the means and ideas of the preparation process and performance optimization of polyarylate fiber, and summarizes the surface modification technology of polyarylate fiber, including plasma treatment method, silane coupling agent method and surface coating method. This paper focuses on the latest progress of surface modification research on polyarylate fibers, emphasizes the important role of these modification technologies in improving the performance of polyarylate fiber reinforced resin matrix composites, and points out that the subsequent research ideas of surface modification technology of polyarylate fibers should focus on seeking surface treatment processes that are more suitable for large-scale production and multi-scenario applications.