Abstract: Fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPs) are highly attractive in the fields of aerospace, automobile, and etc. due to their ease of fabrication, good recyclability and excellent mechanical properties. With the development of nanotechnology, it was found that nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotube, graphene and inorganic nanoparticles are effective to enhance the mechanical properties of CFRTPs. The recent development in the fabrication of nano-modified CFRTPs and their mechanical properties were reviewed in this paper. The two techniques for nano-modification of CFRTPs, including directly dispersing nanoparticles into thermoplastic matrix and modification of fibers with nanoparticles, were introduced. The effects of nanoparticle introduction on the mechanical properties including interfacial bonding properties, tensile/flexure properties, dynamic mechanical properties and impact properties of CFRTPs were analyzed. Finally, the challenges and outlook for nano-modification of CFRTPs were outlined.