Abstract: A new type of square thin-walled steel tube/bamboo plywood composite hollow column with horizontal binding bars (SBCCB) was proposed to solve the issue that the square thin-walled steel tube/bamboo plywood composite hollow column (SBCC) was liable to glue failure under compressive load. Nine SBCCB were used to perform the axial compression tests firstly. The failure modes of SBCCB loaded were investigated, the influences of the cross-sectional size, slenderness ratio and sectional combination mode of SBCCB on the glue failure load and ultimate bearing load of it were analyzed, and the ultimate compressive stress of SBCCB was compared with existing data of SBCC. Then, the calculating formula for the axial compression bearing-capacity of SBCCB was derived through the nonlinear regression analysis. The results indicate that the axial compressive failure damage of SBCCB is primarily the glue failure of bamboo plywood between horizontal binding bars of the end of column and the middle of column the glue failure as well as material broken damage of bamboo plywood. The ultimate bearing capacity is not only related to the cross-sectional size and slenderness ratio, but also affected by the sectional combination mode. By setting horizontal binding bars, the glue failure binding can be suppressed effectively, the ultimate failure mode changes, and the ultimate carrying capacity improves significantly. Compared with the ultimate compressive stress of SBCC, the ultimate compressive stress of SBCCB increases by 26% averagely.